Power-Shell is a task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language.
Wikipedia

SharePoint is a web-based, collaborative platform that integrates with Microsoft Office. Launched in 2001, SharePoint is primarily sold as a document management and storage system, but the product is highly configurable and usage varies substantially between organizations.
Wikipedia

Environment:

• SharePoint Server 2010 (Not Tested)
• SharePoint Server 2013 (Tested)
• SharePoint Server 2016 (Not Tested)

1. Get Identity (GUID) & URL SharePoint Site
Syntax: Get-SPSite
Parameter: -Property
Example:

Get-SPSite | Format-List -Property ID, URL

2. Backup SharePoint Site
Syntax: Backup-SPSite
Parameter: -Identity
Example:

Backup-SPSite -Identity http://server_name/sites/site_name -Path C:\Backup\site_name.bak -NoSiteLock